Pure natural A jade jade jade can be identified from several aspects: ① shiny and bright, ② uneven color, accompanied by color roots, ③ spots crystal intertwine structure, ④ stone flower, black dot -shaped bag and iron water trace Essence ① The surface of the finished jadeite finished product on the surface of the shiny oily emerald is glossy. When the finished product is rotated, the reflux point on the surface is quickly moved, crystal and flexible; Or spots are mostly columnar, nail -shaped, or dotted, and the green boundary is clear and real; ③ The natural jade structure of the spots and crystal interlaces is delicate and dense. In addition to the very delicate glass ground jadeite To many transparent dots and fibers surrounding the original point; ④ stone flowers can see many fibrous crystals intertwined in different quality emeralds, small spots like white clouds -stone flowers; ⑤ ⑤ Black dot -shaped bags and iron waters are naturally emerald. The more colorful, the more black minerals will be left behind. In addition, under the transmission of strong sunlight or flashlight, you can see brown iron traces left on paper in some natural jadeite; ⑥ Other natural emeralds have higher hardness, cold and astringent hands, crispy sounds when you touch the hand, crispy rhyme when you touch the charm, crispy charm when you touch the charm, crispy charm when you touch the charm, crispy rhyme when you touch the charm, and the rhyme is crispy when you touch the charm. Essence
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First, the identification of true and false jade It jade can be divided into two types: nephrite and hard jade. Steel jade is also known as emerald. From the perspective of chemical ingredients, nephrite is silicate containing calcium, magnesium and iron, and silicate containing sodium and aluminum. The common methods of identifying true and false jade articles below: (1) Shuijian Method The drop of water on the jade. (2) Hand touch method If it is true jade, it feels cold and lubricating with your hands. (3) Observation method observed the jade to the bright place. The color is clear and the green is evenly distributed. (4) The tip of the tongue tip of the tongue The tongue tip of the tongue is really astringent, but there is no false jade. In addition, you can also use a magnifying glass to observe, mainly depending on whether there are cracks, and the value of cracks is greatly reduced. The quality of jade, there are six standards, namely "color, transparency, uniform, shape, knocking, and photo." (1) Color The jade is the best, and the value of red and purple jade is only 1/5 of the green jade. If it contains red, purple, green, and white, it is called "Fulu Shouxi"; if it contains only red, green, and white, it is "Fulu Shou". The color is dim and slightly yellow. If it is monochrome jade, the color is uniform. (2) Transparent The transparent crystal is like glass, without dirty spots, no bran, not astringent as the top product. The transparent and opaque jade is called intermediate jade and ordinary jade. Before the Qing and Qing Dynasty, jade with red, green, and white colors was called emerald jade. In modern times, emerald jade refers to the general transparent jade. The current emerald jade lives with transparent and green hometown. (3) Uniform The color of jade is evenly uniform. Although it is white and green but the color is uneven, the value is very low. (4) shape The shape of jade can be processed into different styles according to different aesthetic requirements without special standards. Generally speaking, the bigger the jade is better. (5) Knock This often breaks and cut tattoos in jade. Generally, it is not easy to observe. If you use a metal stick to knock, or throw the jade gently on the table, you can clear it from the sound of the sound. Whether the crack is distinguished or not. The more crisp the sound, the better. (6) Photo The black spots and defects that are not easy to find in the jade eye. As long as you shine with a 10 -fold mirror, you can see it at a glance. The quality of jade can be divided into 10 levels, and each level can be subdivided into three levels 3. Among them, Bai Yu is the lowest in terms of its color and transparency. The characteristics of natural jade are slightly light -colored without light blue (commonly known as evil color). There is also a synthetic jade, which is made of jade powder and crystal and salt water. The appearance is quite dark "old pit jade". The method of appraisal is very simple. Because of the different proportion of natural jade, you can use your hands to qi, or you can use it with balance. . The identification of jewelry and jade 1. Better is the primary factor of the aesthetics of jewelry in jewelry. The color difference between authenticity jewelry is relatively obvious. Natural jewelry is natural. Artificial synthesis gemstones are often excessively modified and not natural. The biggest waiting point of natural sapphire is uneven color, while synthetic sapphire is uniform in color; for example, artificial jadeite is often thick and green, green is too green, and the color is unnatural. . The clarity is the transparency and cleanliness of the gem. Observe the jewelry with 10 times the zoom mirror of 10 times, the jewelery has cracks, flaws, scratches, etc. Generally, there are fewer defects in synthetic jewelry and clean inside. By clarity, it is conducive to identifying the authenticity of jewelry. 3. Look at the craftsmanship of processing jewelry when you think about The identification of jewelry cutting and polishing quality also helps identify the authenticity of jewelry. After the natural jewelry is pondering and processing, the surface is relatively smooth, the discount rate is strong, and the edges and corners are stiff; and the artificial synthesis gemstone often has a thick and round lines and corners. The natural genuine natural products of the same size look more exquisite than artificial products, and the edges and corners are flat and symmetrical. 4. Card heavy method The card weight method is a method of identifying the authenticity of the same volume of jewelry of the same volume. For example, the gem that is artificially oxidized, the shape is similar to that of diamonds. It is the most ideal alternative of diamonds. It is difficult to identify the authenticity of the fake diamonds and diamonds. For example, the same volume of the same volume of diamonds and vermiculite are weighed at the same time. Similarly, the pearl school tells the pearl that the serious is natural pearls, and the light is artificially raising beads. 5. Lighting recognition method The jewelry jewelry you want to buy is checked under a hooded table lamp, put down the lampshade so that the light does not shoot directly into the eyes, and then placed the jewelry on the edge of the lampshade. In the dark, half of the bright place can be exposed to its internal defects through light. The perspective of constantly changing gemstones can expose its defects. 6. Hardness recognition method The hardness is the degree of hard texture of each jewelry. Internationally, it is divided into 10 levels of jewelry hardness. talc: hardness 1 long stone: hardness 6 plaster: hardness 2 quartz: hardness 7 square fossil: hardness 3 yellow jade: hardness 8 : Hardness 9 Thisylite: Hardness 5 diamond (diamond): Hardness L0 The above 10 levels are arranged according to relatively hardness. If there are two jewelry in your hands The jewelry is damaged, and the pseudo -pseudo is the genuine. For valuable jewelry with hardness above level 9, such as diamonds, emeralds, red sapphires, if they have been pondered as diamond shape, you can use edges and corners to try on the glass. It is a fake. 7. Test thermal heat condition The natural gemstone response to the slow and cold change of the outside world. In winter, a thick fog can often form a thick fog on the surface of the gemstone, and it can disappear quickly. 3. Other identification methods New jade jewelry should be seen from the aspects of hardness, transparency, color, glory and spots. The real jade is very hard and wear -resistant, crystal clear, pure in color, and glorious. If you can see that there are cracks, cotton fiber -like cotton or dark injuries inside the jade, it is inferior jade. For fake jade, there are wrinkles on the surface, air bubbles inside, light weight, small hardness, and crisp sound when knocking each other. 1. Agate Jian True method Agate is a rare precious object. There are also many fakes on the market. Most of them are made with fine pine fat and mixed glass. To identify authenticity, you must put it in your palm and rub it. The color, its shape, and its smell are the real. However, some people believe that those who are prone to fever are authentic, which is misunderstanding and unreliable. 2. Gem Eye Eye identification method Gemstones can be divided into two categories: natural gems and artificial gemstones. When we choose gem jewelry, how do we use the naked eye to identify it? Natural gems are generally soft, natural, and sometimes mixed. Several types of gemstones are located in one gem body. There are patterns but irregular, but very delicate. Look at the gemstone with the strong light of the naked eye, or carefully observe it with a magnifying glass of more than five times. Sometimes it can be seen that the gemstone is like cotton wool, mesh or tree -shaped parcel and small cracks. Occasionally, obvious flat growth lines are visible. Some gems feel cold and sliding hands, and it looks wet and soaked. The good gem has the effect of "cat eye" and "starlight" after grinding, that is, there is a white line in the gem, just like a white line in the eyes of the cat in the eyes of the day; The blink of the stars at the moon and night. The artificial gemstone is generally bright, uniform, and pure. After polishing, the gloss is dazzling and the color of the color is strong. Because some rare earth elements are added, there are monochrome, such as black, red, yellow, etc.; There are also compound colors, such as rose red and sauce purple. But there will never be a phenomenon in the gemstone as several colors of natural gemstones. In addition, there are obvious circular small bubbles and artificial synthetic growth of sub -products in some gems; the growth line is more obvious; the particles are large; the same color specifications are large; more hard, generally in Mo's level 6 level 6 The above, the knife is not moving. On the contrary, these stones can draw traces on the glass. . The real -fake gem identification method In light silver or white satin as a small silver pot or white satin in the sun, and place the gem in a place with a height of about five inches from the lining body to let the sun be illuminated. If it penetrates through, if it penetrates through, The light of the gemstone shows Venus silver -winged on the lining, and it can be determined that it is true. If it is a fake gemstone, a black shadow will appear on the lining. If the gem is in the entrance for a moment, it will be full of tutors. This is the real product. 4. The emerald emerald Jianjian method is filled with clear water and put the gem into a bowl to make the whole bowl faint green, which is true emerald gemstone; Put it in a copper basin, surrounded by paper, and ignite the white paper with fire. If the fire can be turned green, it is a true grandmother emerald; The charcoal is fragrant and immediately extinguished, it is true emerald. 5. The identification method of jade Whenever people see a piece of jade (including the stone of jade), they often suffer from being unable to identify whether it contains beautiful jade. This is really a pity. In fact, its appraisal method is also very simple. If the stone contains beautiful jade in the stone, the stone is facing the light at night. If there is a light in the stone, if there is a light color of the rising sun, it means that there is a beautiful jade inside. Essence Conversely, otherwise. 6. Diamond Diamond Identification Method The diamonds emit a burning green light in the dark, like sparks emerging from the wire. If it is a fake diamond, it can only emit a small amount of white light or even glow. Even if it glows, it looks very dull and does not sparkle. In addition, the hardness of Diamond diamonds is the largest, and the real and false diamonds are cut with each other, and the nature will be obviously different. . The identification of jadeite and similar jade The jade similar to jadeite is Australian jade, Malay jade, Dongling stone, nephrite, Dushan jade, and jade. Ah jade is a green chalcedony. Because the green chalcedony on the market is mainly from Australia, it is called Australian jade. Transparent-opaque, glass luster. Mlay jade is essentially a green off -the -best glass. Since the original sales claimed to be from Malaysia, it was called Malaysia jade, referred to as Malay jade for short. Because the appearance resembles high -end emerald, it is also called Malay Cui. Some people are also called "quasi -jade" or "Emoli Stone". It is gray -green under Charles filtering, and there is no fluorescence under long waves of ultraviolet fluorescence. Glass luster, translucent. It is usually old green. You can see the structure such as green cobweb or honeycomb under transmission. Thongling stone is a green quartz rock, which is a collection of lizes. Light is a scale -like flash. The overall glass luster, the cloud mother film is shiny. Looking at the magnifying glass to see clearly, the quartz granules are gray or gray -white, and the flashing cloud mother film is green. Observe with Charles Filter, it is red or pork liver. Theju jade is a mineral collection of light-transparent stones-Yang Qi stone. It is one of the precious jade and is mainly produced in China. Among them, Hetian jade produced in Xinjiang is the best quality. The main colors are white, blue and white, green, gray -black, etc. of various colors. Instead of coloring under the color filter mirror. There is no fluorescence under long waves of ultraviolet light. Rate jade has no spots, and the whole is a fiber -intertwine structure, often with opaque flower spots. Dushan jade is a unique jade species in my country. Emerald green high -grade Dushan jade looks like emerald green emerald. The color is bright and delicate. High hardness is known as "Nanyang Cui". It is named after being produced in the suburbs of Nanyang City, Henan Province. Usually glass luster, opaque, high -quality people are translucent, and the texture is delicate. The main colors are white, green, purple, etc., sometimes the phenomenon of multi -color mixed with white, green, brown and other color on the same jade. Someone divides it into five colors according to the color. Bai Dushan Jade (water and white jade, white jade, hibiscus jade, etc.), Green Duoyama jade (green, green jade, blue jade, etc.), purple magic mountain jade (purple jade, bright brown jade), Huang Dushan jade (orange jade, etc.), Miscellaneous Mountain jade (Mo Yu, spot jade, Wuhua jade, black flower jade, etc.). This jade is a snake -grain stone jade, which is named after being produced in Xiuyan County, Liaoning, China. Guangdong's South jade, Qilianyu in Gansu, Kunlun jade in Xinjiang, Taiwan jade in Taiwan, and North Korea's Korean Gaoliyu are all snake -grain stone jade named after the origin. People are synonymous with Saitama as snake -like stone jade. Its texture is delicate, with a sense of touch, flocculent, mesh structure, and common obvious silk floccope and white cloud -like flower spots. Saitama is waxy, translucent, mostly green, yellow -green, brown, red, sometimes turquoise, gray -green. The main basis for distinguishing emerald and similar jade is the color distribution characteristics, structure and hardness. If discrimination features jade Emerald Australian jade Ma Lai Yudong Lingshu Mountain Jade Jade color distribution The colorless color is uniform in color, uniform green, there are Yunmu flash tablets structure Themelite -shaped structures such as emerald structure fish mesh structure delicate fiber interlaced felt structure floc -like mesh structure Granular structureless crystal granularity structure hardness 6.5-7 6.5-7 5.5-6 6.5 3.5-5.5 6.5-7 7 . The identification of jade n in my country It is an ancient civilization, and jade articles have appeared in the Neolithic era, such as jade ax, jade, jade tiger, jade rabbit, jade necklace, etc. It jade is composed of two categories: nephrite and hard jade. The jade is a special set composed of glittering minerals, that is, jade formed by glittering minerals. The jade jade is composed of a sodium aluminum silicate mineral. (1), the commonly seen nephrite includes white jade, blue jade, blue jade, jasper, ink jade, yellow jade, sugar jade, sauce jade, Dushan jade and beautiful jade. 1. In white jade, there are sheep fat, pear white, snowflake white, ivory white, white fish belly, fish bone white, brown rice white, chicken bone white, etc., with fine and clean sheep fat white. . Blue jade and green white jade, blue in my country has different concepts of "blue" and "black", and the green here is more vague, non -gray, non -green and green, and it is actually unknown light green. Speaking of Bai and Qing, to be green and white, that is, the blue jade, between the blue jade and the white jade, it is called blue and white jade. There is no standard boundary between the blue and white jade and the white jade and the jade, and it is determined by the naked eye. 3. Jasper refers to the color of the jade or dark green, which is easier to distinguish. 4. Mo Yu is gray black and black. There are often unevenness, with clouds or pure ink -shaped, and the shapes include black clouds, light ink light, gold marten, beauty hair, pure black and so on. The more precious black light is black, like black leather boots. Mo Yu, also known as jade, is caused by black impurities in blue jade, sometimes appears on jade jade, and sometimes appears on Mo Yu. 5. Yellow jade has yellow, beige, beeswax, yellow, yellow, autumn chrysanthemum yellow, yellow flower yellow, egg yolk, beige yellow, yellow Yang yellow, etc. 6. Named names like brown sugar, all due to iron oxide. Sugar jade can appear on jade like Mo Yu. Most of them are purple or brown red, and those with redness are rare. 7. Dushan jade is named after the origin in Dushan, Henan. The main feature is multi -colored. A jadeite appears on a piece of jade at the same time. Blue, green, yellow, white, black, brown and other colors appear at the same time. The hardness is 7 degrees. 8. Saitama is mainly composed of snake -oriented stone minerals. It is a collection block composed of water -containing magnesium silicate. In the jade, there can be a small amount of cubes of cubes, penetrating door stones, and green mud stones. Hardness is 2.5 to 4 degrees, and it is 5.5 degrees. The colors are white, yellow, pink, light green, green, black and green, etc. It is mainly for factories to do jade carving parts. There are rich mines in Liaoning, Gansu, Guangdong, Xinjiang, Taiwan and other places. (2) The jade jade jade is the meaning of red emerald green. The emeralds recorded in ancient books in my country are not today's lithium. This is a kind of sodium aluminum silicate mineral, with a hardness of 6.5-7 degrees, and the emerald colorless or white with pure chemical ingredients. When the ingredient contains metal pigment ions, green, emerald green, yellow and green, orchids, orchids, orchids appear Green, brown, red, orange, light purple, pink purple and other colors, green is called green, brown and red called emerald. The jadeite jade is formed naturally by natural ore. It must have natural beauty. The best in green emerald is the high green and gorgeous green color of the glass ground. Is when identifying the true and false and good or bad of jade jade, we must use practical experience flexibly. It is necessary to master the color and texture of the jadeite, and to combine the processing of various factors such as the processing process of the utensils before judging it correctly. The world -renowned emerald is produced in the Wulong River Basin, Myanmar. According to the historical records of the Qing Dynasty, when the jadeite produced in Myanmar was entered into China, it was collected in Tengchong, Dali and other places in Yunnan, and then transferred to the Mainland. Since the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, it still exists. Because the price of jadeite is relatively expensive and rare, fake jadeite gradually appears. It is more common among the Qing Dynasty stone jadeite and ravioli emerald. Themail jadeite is used as raw materials with ceramics or glass, and it is molten to be cast with a high temperature. The color jadeite is to use the bottom -grade jade or colorless jadeite to fake color. In recent years, due to the progress of science, the colorful emerald has reached the point of fake. The colorful jadeite uses chromium salt and nickel -salt chemicals as a coloring agent, which is soaked, heated, and acidified to turn colorless emeralds into beautiful emeralds. But natural emerald is a natural color composed of chromium ions into hard work mineral crystals, and the color jadeite is attached to the appearance and cracks. It is afraid of sourness, alkali, sunlight, and impatient. (3), the authenticity of nephrite. The is mostly urged part of the shape, leaving a large number of ornaments and the characteristics of the age in the real object, physical changes (Qin color), and so on. While identifying true and false utensils, we must fully understand the characteristics of the times, the changes in the shape of the instrument, the knife, and the decoration. At present, there are five common fakes in society: . Old jade and new carving. . New jade and new carving. The identification of the two fakes above is mainly the carving of the knife workers is rough, irregular, different in depths, no style of the times, no artistic beauty, and no antique taste. The authenticity is very different. Its knife is righteous, symmetrical, reasonable, no tail, flawless, and the more you look at the more comfortable. 3. Die cast. The so -called die casting is to mix the jade ore and cast it in a specific mold after melting at high temperature, like the factory casting workpiece. There is also a product that mixes the ore into a powder, with a product that is stirred with chemical glue and coloring agent or some emerald powder. This new product is relatively beautiful and generous, and the cost is relatively high. All major shopping malls on the market are sold. 4. Set. (Glass Products) This is cast with a color after melting with glass ore. The characteristic is impatient, with bubbles, no jade stone patterns, and can be recognized for two or three times. 5. plastic. Puled with modern plastic with coloring agent, and then artificial polishing. It is characterized by no hardness, light proportion, elasticity, and impatient. 6. The identification method of true and false jade In different cases, people's understanding of the meaning of jade is very different. In a narrow sense, jade specialty refers to the cashmere and nephrite; in a broad sense, jade should also include many minerals and rocks for arts and crafts, such as Xiuyan jade, jasper, Qingtian stone, etc. In my country's jewelry industry, it is often called emerald (it will be introduced later). Jade is also a nephrite in mineral science and is a water -containing calcium magnesium silicate. The hardness of jade is 5 to 6, and the density is 2.9-3.1 grams per cubic centimeter. There are many colors of jade, which are more common in white, green, green, black and other colors. In addition, there are gray, yellow, red and so on. Pure white and delicately called sheep fat jade, which is the most precious variety in jade. In addition, the color of jade is categorized. The category of jade is white jade, yellow jade (yellow man), green jade, jasper, and ink jade. Jade occupies an important position in my country's jewelry culture. "Guanzi" said: "A gentleman is more than jade", and the jade personality is characterized. In modern life, Yu is still loved by people, especially the favor of women. The identification of jade should be based on jade, jade, and jade. Whether it is white jade, yellow jade, blue jade or jasper, its jade color must be clear, and those who are not evil and unreal are the best. As far as jade and jade are concerned, they are required to be fine and white, pure and non -miscellaneous. No matter what color of treasure, the finer the quality, the better, the more moisturizing. Jade made of jewelry, suitable for people of various personality and age. Whether it is a beautiful youth girl, or the elegant and elegant young woman, wearing a string of glittering diamond necklaces, and wearing a pure and crystal treasure jade earrings or bracelets, it will look glorious. Identification of jade mainly prevents as white jade with nitrate. During recognition, it can be carried out from the aspects of color, jade, break, impurities, proportion and sound. 1. Color: white jade's white is often slightly blue, with few white and pure white people, and the nitrogen is a kind of clean white and pure white. After the lamp was shown, the nitric was slightly orange. 2. Jade nature: One of the jade sex is warm and greasy, such as cream like fat, but although the nitrate is also moist, it feels exposed, but in Yingrun, it feels that thieves are flashing. 3. Failure: This is a clear distinction. Baiyu's fracture is stone characteristics, darkness and light, different or jagged, and the fracture of the nitrate is material characteristics, bright and light, shell -like. Although jewelry identification cannot be tested for destructiveness, it can be observed through some accidental touch, the grinding surface and the corners of the edge of the edge. 4. Impurities: There will be no bubbles in the jade, but there are air bubbles in the nitric body. Sometimes it is not easy to be observed because of the translucent color, and sometimes it is very irritating because of the good nitric quality. But for identification, it is impossible to find a proof. Sometimes we can test it from the surface. If there is a sandylona, the air bubbles are on the surface, and it can also prove that it is a nitric, because Bai Yu does not have this characteristic, and it can also be checked in the internal bubbles in the strong light. 5. Percent: The proportion of jade is between 2.9 and 3.1, and the nitrogen is around 2.5. 6. Sound: The sound of jade is dignified, and the nitric sound is crisp. In some cases, it can be identified by gently hitting the sound from jade and nitrate. The category of jade China is a country that loves jade and the earliest country in the world to use jade. People use jade as a symbol of beautiful and noble. What is jade? Jade is a beautiful and lovely stone. It is delicate and can be pondered by carving jewelry or crafts. It has two characteristics of scarcity and less hardness. The main producing areas of jade in the world, as many as 150 varieties, but only more than 20 types of reserves and output are rich. At present, only several kinds of Saitama, Xiuyan jade, and Dushan jade occupy an important position in the international treasure jade market. The main jade of the world belongs to the seven types of mineral rock types (1) Pyrant pyrone (hard jade) category: Myanmar jadeite, etc.; Light -long stone: Henan Dushan Jade, etc.; (4) Snake mosquito stone: Xiuyan jade in Liaoning Province; (5) quartz rock category: Henan dense jade and Dongling stone, etc.; Wax yellow jade; (7) turquoise: Hubei turquoise and so on. The most popular high -quality jade varieties in the world are Myanmar's jadeite, Australian Opal, and Chinese nephrite. In addition, turquoise, green stone, rose pyroxin, calcium iron, green chalcedon, hibiscus stone, etc. are popular jade varieties. The classification and name of jewelry and jade As the jewelry market is increasingly prosperous, it follows whether consumers care about whether the jewelry they buy is true and whether it is worth it, so many people Reading books and consulting experts, want to learn some jewelry knowledge from it. As consumers, mastering some jewelry knowledge can not only avoid being deceived, but also play a good role in supervising the jewelry market. If to understand jewelry and jade, you must first understand the type of jewelry and jade and their names. . The classification of jewelry and jade Jewelry and jade are divided into natural jewelry jade and artificial gemstone according to their cause type (that is, natural causes or artificial manufacturing). (1) Natural jewelry jade is scored into natural gems, natural jade, and organic gems according to the cause and composition. 1. Natural gems: such as diamonds, rubies, sapphires, emeralds, etc. 2. Natural jade: such as emerald, nephrite, sauce, etc. 3. Organic gems: such as pearls, corals, amber, etc. Breeding pearls are also like this. (2) The artificial gemstone is a complete or part of the material for artificially produced or manufactured as jewelry and decorations, including synthetic gems, artificial gems, gemstones and re -created gems. 1. Synthetic gemstones: such as synthetic emerald, synthetic ruby. 2. Artificial gemstones: such as artificial pupae, artificial titanate, etc., so far no such minerals have been found in nature. 3. Specific gemstone: It is a jewelry and jade that is made of manually, and gives people an overall impression, referred to as "combined stone". 4. Create gemstone: The fragments or debris of natural jewelry and jade are fused or pressed into jewelry and jade with the overall appearance through artificial means. (3) Imitation of gemstones that imitate the color, appearance and special optical effects of natural jewelry and jade. For example, imitation diamonds, emeralds, etc. . The naming of jewelry and jade At present, there is a phenomenon of nominal chaos in the market. Some merchants often name jewelry and jade directly with color, place of origin, and special optical effects. For example, red gems are called "ruby"; green gems are called "emerald" and "green crystals"; synthetic cubic oxidation is called "Soviet Diamond" and so on. In the "Jewelry and Jade Name Standard", which was implemented on May 1, 1997, the state strictly strictly stipulated the naming of jewelry and jade, and consumers can effectively supervise the market in accordance with the principle of jewelry and jade. The name of the jewelry jade is as follows: . The basic names of the name of the natural gemstone are used for minerals and rock names, such as calcium aluminum g uterns, transparent pirates, etc. Considering the product attributes of jade materials, the word "jade" is added after all the main composition of mineral names or rocks, such as snake pattern stone jade and Yangqi stone jade. 2. Some of the traditional names that are generally accepted by the international jewelry industry can be continued, such as diamonds, emeralds, rubies, sapphires, jadeite, and nephrite. 3. The name of the gem with a special optical effect. In order to highlight the special optical effects of gems (cat eye effects and star light effects, etc.), it is directly placed in the name of the gemstone name, such as starlight ruby, star -light pomegranate stone, quartz cat eye, sea blue gem cat eye, etc. The golden emerald cat's eye can be directly named "Cat's Eye" and enjoys "privileges", and other gems are not allowed to be named. 4. Naming artificial gemstone. At the time of name, the words "synthesis" and "artificial" are crowned before the corresponding gem materials to show the difference from natural jewelry and jade, such as synthetic emeralds and synthetic rubies. 5. Naming the gemstone. The gemstone is not grinded by a complete material. When naming, it should highlight the three words "combined stone". At the same time, the name of the material is written before the combined stone, such as sapphire and synthetic sapphire. 6. Optimized the naming principle of jewelry and jade. The optimized methods include heat treatment, bleaching, soaked oil -free oil, etc.; The treatment method is soaked in color oil, filling processing, dyeing treatment, radiation treatment, laser drilling, surface diffusion, etc. For the optimized jewelry and jade, the original name of the jewelry and jade is used directly when the name is named. The optimization method is not reflected in the name. For the processed jewelry and jade, the word "processing" is marked with parentheses after the basic name of jewelry and jade.
Pure natural A jade jade jade can be identified from several aspects: ① shiny and bright, ② uneven color, accompanied by color roots, ③ spots crystal intertwine structure, ④ stone flower, black dot -shaped bag and iron water trace Essence
① The surface of the finished jadeite finished product on the surface of the shiny oily emerald is glossy. When the finished product is rotated, the reflux point on the surface is quickly moved, crystal and flexible; Or spots are mostly columnar, nail -shaped, or dotted, and the green boundary is clear and real; ③ The natural jade structure of the spots and crystal interlaces is delicate and dense. In addition to the very delicate glass ground jadeite To many transparent dots and fibers surrounding the original point; ④ stone flowers can see many fibrous crystals intertwined in different quality emeralds, small spots like white clouds -stone flowers; ⑤ ⑤ Black dot -shaped bags and iron waters are naturally emerald. The more colorful, the more black minerals will be left behind. In addition, under the transmission of strong sunlight or flashlight, you can see brown iron traces left on paper in some natural jadeite; ⑥ Other natural emeralds have higher hardness, cold and astringent hands, crispy sounds when you touch the hand, crispy rhyme when you touch the charm, crispy charm when you touch the charm, crispy charm when you touch the charm, crispy rhyme when you touch the charm, and the rhyme is crispy when you touch the charm. Essence
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First, the identification of true and false jade
It jade can be divided into two types: nephrite and hard jade. Steel jade is also known as emerald. From the perspective of chemical ingredients, nephrite is silicate containing calcium, magnesium and iron, and silicate containing sodium and aluminum.
The common methods of identifying true and false jade articles below:
(1) Shuijian Method
The drop of water on the jade.
(2) Hand touch method
If it is true jade, it feels cold and lubricating with your hands.
(3) Observation method
observed the jade to the bright place. The color is clear and the green is evenly distributed.
(4) The tip of the tongue tip of the tongue
The tongue tip of the tongue is really astringent, but there is no false jade.
In addition, you can also use a magnifying glass to observe, mainly depending on whether there are cracks, and the value of cracks is greatly reduced.
The quality of jade, there are six standards, namely "color, transparency, uniform, shape, knocking, and photo."
(1) Color
The jade is the best, and the value of red and purple jade is only 1/5 of the green jade. If it contains red, purple, green, and white, it is called "Fulu Shouxi"; if it contains only red, green, and white, it is "Fulu Shou". The color is dim and slightly yellow. If it is monochrome jade, the color is uniform.
(2) Transparent
The transparent crystal is like glass, without dirty spots, no bran, not astringent as the top product. The transparent and opaque jade is called intermediate jade and ordinary jade. Before the Qing and Qing Dynasty, jade with red, green, and white colors was called emerald jade. In modern times, emerald jade refers to the general transparent jade. The current emerald jade lives with transparent and green hometown.
(3) Uniform
The color of jade is evenly uniform. Although it is white and green but the color is uneven, the value is very low.
(4) shape
The shape of jade can be processed into different styles according to different aesthetic requirements without special standards. Generally speaking, the bigger the jade is better.
(5) Knock
This often breaks and cut tattoos in jade. Generally, it is not easy to observe. If you use a metal stick to knock, or throw the jade gently on the table, you can clear it from the sound of the sound. Whether the crack is distinguished or not. The more crisp the sound, the better.
(6) Photo
The black spots and defects that are not easy to find in the jade eye. As long as you shine with a 10 -fold mirror, you can see it at a glance.
The quality of jade can be divided into 10 levels, and each level can be subdivided into three levels 3. Among them, Bai Yu is the lowest in terms of its color and transparency.
The characteristics of natural jade are slightly light -colored without light blue (commonly known as evil color). There is also a synthetic jade, which is made of jade powder and crystal and salt water. The appearance is quite dark "old pit jade". The method of appraisal is very simple. Because of the different proportion of natural jade, you can use your hands to qi, or you can use it with balance.
. The identification of jewelry and jade
1. Better
is the primary factor of the aesthetics of jewelry in jewelry. The color difference between authenticity jewelry is relatively obvious. Natural jewelry is natural. Artificial synthesis gemstones are often excessively modified and not natural. The biggest waiting point of natural sapphire is uneven color, while synthetic sapphire is uniform in color; for example, artificial jadeite is often thick and green, green is too green, and the color is unnatural.
. The clarity
is the transparency and cleanliness of the gem. Observe the jewelry with 10 times the zoom mirror of 10 times, the jewelery has cracks, flaws, scratches, etc. Generally, there are fewer defects in synthetic jewelry and clean inside. By clarity, it is conducive to identifying the authenticity of jewelry.
3. Look at the craftsmanship of processing jewelry when you think about
The identification of jewelry cutting and polishing quality also helps identify the authenticity of jewelry. After the natural jewelry is pondering and processing, the surface is relatively smooth, the discount rate is strong, and the edges and corners are stiff; and the artificial synthesis gemstone often has a thick and round lines and corners. The natural genuine natural products of the same size look more exquisite than artificial products, and the edges and corners are flat and symmetrical.
4. Card heavy method
The card weight method is a method of identifying the authenticity of the same volume of jewelry of the same volume. For example, the gem that is artificially oxidized, the shape is similar to that of diamonds. It is the most ideal alternative of diamonds. It is difficult to identify the authenticity of the fake diamonds and diamonds. For example, the same volume of the same volume of diamonds and vermiculite are weighed at the same time. Similarly, the pearl school tells the pearl that the serious is natural pearls, and the light is artificially raising beads.
5. Lighting recognition method
The jewelry jewelry you want to buy is checked under a hooded table lamp, put down the lampshade so that the light does not shoot directly into the eyes, and then placed the jewelry on the edge of the lampshade. In the dark, half of the bright place can be exposed to its internal defects through light. The perspective of constantly changing gemstones can expose its defects.
6. Hardness recognition method
The hardness is the degree of hard texture of each jewelry. Internationally, it is divided into 10 levels of jewelry hardness.
talc: hardness 1 long stone: hardness 6
plaster: hardness 2 quartz: hardness 7
square fossil: hardness 3 yellow jade: hardness 8
: Hardness 9
Thisylite: Hardness 5 diamond (diamond): Hardness L0
The above 10 levels are arranged according to relatively hardness. If there are two jewelry in your hands The jewelry is damaged, and the pseudo -pseudo is the genuine. For valuable jewelry with hardness above level 9, such as diamonds, emeralds, red sapphires, if they have been pondered as diamond shape, you can use edges and corners to try on the glass. It is a fake.
7. Test thermal heat condition
The natural gemstone response to the slow and cold change of the outside world. In winter, a thick fog can often form a thick fog on the surface of the gemstone, and it can disappear quickly.
3. Other identification methods
New jade jewelry should be seen from the aspects of hardness, transparency, color, glory and spots. The real jade is very hard and wear -resistant, crystal clear, pure in color, and glorious. If you can see that there are cracks, cotton fiber -like cotton or dark injuries inside the jade, it is inferior jade. For fake jade, there are wrinkles on the surface, air bubbles inside, light weight, small hardness, and crisp sound when knocking each other.
1. Agate Jian True method
Agate is a rare precious object. There are also many fakes on the market. Most of them are made with fine pine fat and mixed glass. To identify authenticity, you must put it in your palm and rub it. The color, its shape, and its smell are the real. However, some people believe that those who are prone to fever are authentic, which is misunderstanding and unreliable.
2. Gem Eye Eye identification method
Gemstones can be divided into two categories: natural gems and artificial gemstones. When we choose gem jewelry, how do we use the naked eye to identify it? Natural gems are generally soft, natural, and sometimes mixed. Several types of gemstones are located in one gem body. There are patterns but irregular, but very delicate. Look at the gemstone with the strong light of the naked eye, or carefully observe it with a magnifying glass of more than five times. Sometimes it can be seen that the gemstone is like cotton wool, mesh or tree -shaped parcel and small cracks. Occasionally, obvious flat growth lines are visible. Some gems feel cold and sliding hands, and it looks wet and soaked. The good gem has the effect of "cat eye" and "starlight" after grinding, that is, there is a white line in the gem, just like a white line in the eyes of the cat in the eyes of the day; The blink of the stars at the moon and night. The artificial gemstone is generally bright, uniform, and pure. After polishing, the gloss is dazzling and the color of the color is strong. Because some rare earth elements are added, there are monochrome, such as black, red, yellow, etc.; There are also compound colors, such as rose red and sauce purple. But there will never be a phenomenon in the gemstone as several colors of natural gemstones. In addition, there are obvious circular small bubbles and artificial synthetic growth of sub -products in some gems; the growth line is more obvious; the particles are large; the same color specifications are large; more hard, generally in Mo's level 6 level 6 The above, the knife is not moving. On the contrary, these stones can draw traces on the glass.
. The real -fake gem identification method
In light silver or white satin as a small silver pot or white satin in the sun, and place the gem in a place with a height of about five inches from the lining body to let the sun be illuminated. If it penetrates through, if it penetrates through, The light of the gemstone shows Venus silver -winged on the lining, and it can be determined that it is true. If it is a fake gemstone, a black shadow will appear on the lining. If the gem is in the entrance for a moment, it will be full of tutors. This is the real product.
4. The emerald emerald Jianjian method
is filled with clear water and put the gem into a bowl to make the whole bowl faint green, which is true emerald gemstone; Put it in a copper basin, surrounded by paper, and ignite the white paper with fire. If the fire can be turned green, it is a true grandmother emerald; The charcoal is fragrant and immediately extinguished, it is true emerald.
5. The identification method of jade
Whenever people see a piece of jade (including the stone of jade), they often suffer from being unable to identify whether it contains beautiful jade. This is really a pity. In fact, its appraisal method is also very simple. If the stone contains beautiful jade in the stone, the stone is facing the light at night. If there is a light in the stone, if there is a light color of the rising sun, it means that there is a beautiful jade inside. Essence Conversely, otherwise.
6. Diamond Diamond Identification Method
The diamonds emit a burning green light in the dark, like sparks emerging from the wire. If it is a fake diamond, it can only emit a small amount of white light or even glow. Even if it glows, it looks very dull and does not sparkle. In addition, the hardness of Diamond diamonds is the largest, and the real and false diamonds are cut with each other, and the nature will be obviously different.
. The identification of jadeite and similar jade
The jade similar to jadeite is Australian jade, Malay jade, Dongling stone, nephrite, Dushan jade, and jade.
Ah jade is a green chalcedony. Because the green chalcedony on the market is mainly from Australia, it is called Australian jade. Transparent-opaque, glass luster.
Mlay jade is essentially a green off -the -best glass. Since the original sales claimed to be from Malaysia, it was called Malaysia jade, referred to as Malay jade for short. Because the appearance resembles high -end emerald, it is also called Malay Cui. Some people are also called "quasi -jade" or "Emoli Stone". It is gray -green under Charles filtering, and there is no fluorescence under long waves of ultraviolet fluorescence. Glass luster, translucent. It is usually old green. You can see the structure such as green cobweb or honeycomb under transmission.
Thongling stone is a green quartz rock, which is a collection of lizes. Light is a scale -like flash. The overall glass luster, the cloud mother film is shiny. Looking at the magnifying glass to see clearly, the quartz granules are gray or gray -white, and the flashing cloud mother film is green. Observe with Charles Filter, it is red or pork liver.
Theju jade is a mineral collection of light-transparent stones-Yang Qi stone. It is one of the precious jade and is mainly produced in China. Among them, Hetian jade produced in Xinjiang is the best quality. The main colors are white, blue and white, green, gray -black, etc. of various colors. Instead of coloring under the color filter mirror. There is no fluorescence under long waves of ultraviolet light. Rate jade has no spots, and the whole is a fiber -intertwine structure, often with opaque flower spots.
Dushan jade is a unique jade species in my country. Emerald green high -grade Dushan jade looks like emerald green emerald. The color is bright and delicate. High hardness is known as "Nanyang Cui". It is named after being produced in the suburbs of Nanyang City, Henan Province. Usually glass luster, opaque, high -quality people are translucent, and the texture is delicate. The main colors are white, green, purple, etc., sometimes the phenomenon of multi -color mixed with white, green, brown and other color on the same jade. Someone divides it into five colors according to the color. Bai Dushan Jade (water and white jade, white jade, hibiscus jade, etc.), Green Duoyama jade (green, green jade, blue jade, etc.), purple magic mountain jade (purple jade, bright brown jade), Huang Dushan jade (orange jade, etc.), Miscellaneous Mountain jade (Mo Yu, spot jade, Wuhua jade, black flower jade, etc.).
This jade is a snake -grain stone jade, which is named after being produced in Xiuyan County, Liaoning, China. Guangdong's South jade, Qilianyu in Gansu, Kunlun jade in Xinjiang, Taiwan jade in Taiwan, and North Korea's Korean Gaoliyu are all snake -grain stone jade named after the origin. People are synonymous with Saitama as snake -like stone jade. Its texture is delicate, with a sense of touch, flocculent, mesh structure, and common obvious silk floccope and white cloud -like flower spots. Saitama is waxy, translucent, mostly green, yellow -green, brown, red, sometimes turquoise, gray -green.
The main basis for distinguishing emerald and similar jade is the color distribution characteristics, structure and hardness.
If discrimination features
jade
Emerald Australian jade Ma Lai Yudong Lingshu Mountain Jade Jade
color distribution
The colorless color is uniform in color, uniform green, there are Yunmu flash tablets
structure
Themelite -shaped structures such as emerald structure fish mesh structure delicate fiber interlaced felt structure floc -like mesh structure Granular structureless crystal granularity structure
hardness
6.5-7 6.5-7 5.5-6 6.5 3.5-5.5 6.5-7 7
. The identification of jade n in my country It is an ancient civilization, and jade articles have appeared in the Neolithic era, such as jade ax, jade, jade tiger, jade rabbit, jade necklace, etc.
It jade is composed of two categories: nephrite and hard jade.
The jade is a special set composed of glittering minerals, that is, jade formed by glittering minerals.
The jade jade is composed of a sodium aluminum silicate mineral.
(1), the commonly seen nephrite includes white jade, blue jade, blue jade, jasper, ink jade, yellow jade, sugar jade, sauce jade, Dushan jade and beautiful jade.
1. In white jade, there are sheep fat, pear white, snowflake white, ivory white, white fish belly, fish bone white, brown rice white, chicken bone white, etc., with fine and clean sheep fat white.
. Blue jade and green white jade, blue in my country has different concepts of "blue" and "black", and the green here is more vague, non -gray, non -green and green, and it is actually unknown light green. Speaking of Bai and Qing, to be green and white, that is, the blue jade, between the blue jade and the white jade, it is called blue and white jade. There is no standard boundary between the blue and white jade and the white jade and the jade, and it is determined by the naked eye.
3. Jasper refers to the color of the jade or dark green, which is easier to distinguish.
4. Mo Yu is gray black and black. There are often unevenness, with clouds or pure ink -shaped, and the shapes include black clouds, light ink light, gold marten, beauty hair, pure black and so on. The more precious black light is black, like black leather boots. Mo Yu, also known as jade, is caused by black impurities in blue jade, sometimes appears on jade jade, and sometimes appears on Mo Yu.
5. Yellow jade has yellow, beige, beeswax, yellow, yellow, autumn chrysanthemum yellow, yellow flower yellow, egg yolk, beige yellow, yellow Yang yellow, etc.
6. Named names like brown sugar, all due to iron oxide. Sugar jade can appear on jade like Mo Yu. Most of them are purple or brown red, and those with redness are rare.
7. Dushan jade is named after the origin in Dushan, Henan. The main feature is multi -colored. A jadeite appears on a piece of jade at the same time. Blue, green, yellow, white, black, brown and other colors appear at the same time. The hardness is 7 degrees.
8. Saitama is mainly composed of snake -oriented stone minerals. It is a collection block composed of water -containing magnesium silicate. In the jade, there can be a small amount of cubes of cubes, penetrating door stones, and green mud stones. Hardness is 2.5 to 4 degrees, and it is 5.5 degrees. The colors are white, yellow, pink, light green, green, black and green, etc. It is mainly for factories to do jade carving parts. There are rich mines in Liaoning, Gansu, Guangdong, Xinjiang, Taiwan and other places.
(2) The jade jade jade is the meaning of red emerald green. The emeralds recorded in ancient books in my country are not today's lithium.
This is a kind of sodium aluminum silicate mineral, with a hardness of 6.5-7 degrees, and the emerald colorless or white with pure chemical ingredients. When the ingredient contains metal pigment ions, green, emerald green, yellow and green, orchids, orchids, orchids appear Green, brown, red, orange, light purple, pink purple and other colors, green is called green, brown and red called emerald.
The jadeite jade is formed naturally by natural ore. It must have natural beauty. The best in green emerald is the high green and gorgeous green color of the glass ground.
Is when identifying the true and false and good or bad of jade jade, we must use practical experience flexibly. It is necessary to master the color and texture of the jadeite, and to combine the processing of various factors such as the processing process of the utensils before judging it correctly.
The world -renowned emerald is produced in the Wulong River Basin, Myanmar. According to the historical records of the Qing Dynasty, when the jadeite produced in Myanmar was entered into China, it was collected in Tengchong, Dali and other places in Yunnan, and then transferred to the Mainland. Since the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, it still exists.
Because the price of jadeite is relatively expensive and rare, fake jadeite gradually appears. It is more common among the Qing Dynasty stone jadeite and ravioli emerald.
Themail jadeite is used as raw materials with ceramics or glass, and it is molten to be cast with a high temperature.
The color jadeite is to use the bottom -grade jade or colorless jadeite to fake color. In recent years, due to the progress of science, the colorful emerald has reached the point of fake. The colorful jadeite uses chromium salt and nickel -salt chemicals as a coloring agent, which is soaked, heated, and acidified to turn colorless emeralds into beautiful emeralds. But natural emerald is a natural color composed of chromium ions into hard work mineral crystals, and the color jadeite is attached to the appearance and cracks. It is afraid of sourness, alkali, sunlight, and impatient.
(3), the authenticity of nephrite.
The is mostly urged part of the shape, leaving a large number of ornaments and the characteristics of the age in the real object, physical changes (Qin color), and so on. While identifying true and false utensils, we must fully understand the characteristics of the times, the changes in the shape of the instrument, the knife, and the decoration.
At present, there are five common fakes in society:
. Old jade and new carving.
. New jade and new carving.
The identification of the two fakes above is mainly the carving of the knife workers is rough, irregular, different in depths, no style of the times, no artistic beauty, and no antique taste. The authenticity is very different. Its knife is righteous, symmetrical, reasonable, no tail, flawless, and the more you look at the more comfortable.
3. Die cast.
The so -called die casting is to mix the jade ore and cast it in a specific mold after melting at high temperature, like the factory casting workpiece. There is also a product that mixes the ore into a powder, with a product that is stirred with chemical glue and coloring agent or some emerald powder. This new product is relatively beautiful and generous, and the cost is relatively high. All major shopping malls on the market are sold.
4. Set. (Glass Products)
This is cast with a color after melting with glass ore.
The characteristic is impatient, with bubbles, no jade stone patterns, and can be recognized for two or three times.
5. plastic.
Puled with modern plastic with coloring agent, and then artificial polishing. It is characterized by no hardness, light proportion, elasticity, and impatient.
6. The identification method of true and false jade
In different cases, people's understanding of the meaning of jade is very different. In a narrow sense, jade specialty refers to the cashmere and nephrite; in a broad sense, jade should also include many minerals and rocks for arts and crafts, such as Xiuyan jade, jasper, Qingtian stone, etc. In my country's jewelry industry, it is often called emerald (it will be introduced later). Jade is also a nephrite in mineral science and is a water -containing calcium magnesium silicate. The hardness of jade is 5 to 6, and the density is 2.9-3.1 grams per cubic centimeter. There are many colors of jade, which are more common in white, green, green, black and other colors. In addition, there are gray, yellow, red and so on. Pure white and delicately called sheep fat jade, which is the most precious variety in jade. In addition, the color of jade is categorized. The category of jade is white jade, yellow jade (yellow man), green jade, jasper, and ink jade. Jade occupies an important position in my country's jewelry culture. "Guanzi" said: "A gentleman is more than jade", and the jade personality is characterized. In modern life, Yu is still loved by people, especially the favor of women. The identification of jade should be based on jade, jade, and jade. Whether it is white jade, yellow jade, blue jade or jasper, its jade color must be clear, and those who are not evil and unreal are the best. As far as jade and jade are concerned, they are required to be fine and white, pure and non -miscellaneous. No matter what color of treasure, the finer the quality, the better, the more moisturizing. Jade made of jewelry, suitable for people of various personality and age. Whether it is a beautiful youth girl, or the elegant and elegant young woman, wearing a string of glittering diamond necklaces, and wearing a pure and crystal treasure jade earrings or bracelets, it will look glorious. Identification of jade mainly prevents as white jade with nitrate. During recognition, it can be carried out from the aspects of color, jade, break, impurities, proportion and sound. 1. Color: white jade's white is often slightly blue, with few white and pure white people, and the nitrogen is a kind of clean white and pure white. After the lamp was shown, the nitric was slightly orange. 2. Jade nature: One of the jade sex is warm and greasy, such as cream like fat, but although the nitrate is also moist, it feels exposed, but in Yingrun, it feels that thieves are flashing. 3. Failure: This is a clear distinction. Baiyu's fracture is stone characteristics, darkness and light, different or jagged, and the fracture of the nitrate is material characteristics, bright and light, shell -like. Although jewelry identification cannot be tested for destructiveness, it can be observed through some accidental touch, the grinding surface and the corners of the edge of the edge. 4. Impurities: There will be no bubbles in the jade, but there are air bubbles in the nitric body. Sometimes it is not easy to be observed because of the translucent color, and sometimes it is very irritating because of the good nitric quality. But for identification, it is impossible to find a proof. Sometimes we can test it from the surface. If there is a sandylona, the air bubbles are on the surface, and it can also prove that it is a nitric, because Bai Yu does not have this characteristic, and it can also be checked in the internal bubbles in the strong light. 5. Percent: The proportion of jade is between 2.9 and 3.1, and the nitrogen is around 2.5. 6. Sound: The sound of jade is dignified, and the nitric sound is crisp. In some cases, it can be identified by gently hitting the sound from jade and nitrate.
The category of jade
China is a country that loves jade and the earliest country in the world to use jade. People use jade as a symbol of beautiful and noble. What is jade? Jade is a beautiful and lovely stone. It is delicate and can be pondered by carving jewelry or crafts. It has two characteristics of scarcity and less hardness.
The main producing areas of jade in the world, as many as 150 varieties, but only more than 20 types of reserves and output are rich. At present, only several kinds of Saitama, Xiuyan jade, and Dushan jade occupy an important position in the international treasure jade market.
The main jade of the world belongs to the seven types of mineral rock types (1) Pyrant pyrone (hard jade) category: Myanmar jadeite, etc.; Light -long stone: Henan Dushan Jade, etc.; (4) Snake mosquito stone: Xiuyan jade in Liaoning Province; (5) quartz rock category: Henan dense jade and Dongling stone, etc.; Wax yellow jade; (7) turquoise: Hubei turquoise and so on.
The most popular high -quality jade varieties in the world are Myanmar's jadeite, Australian Opal, and Chinese nephrite. In addition, turquoise, green stone, rose pyroxin, calcium iron, green chalcedon, hibiscus stone, etc. are popular jade varieties.
The classification and name of jewelry and jade
As the jewelry market is increasingly prosperous, it follows whether consumers care about whether the jewelry they buy is true and whether it is worth it, so many people Reading books and consulting experts, want to learn some jewelry knowledge from it. As consumers, mastering some jewelry knowledge can not only avoid being deceived, but also play a good role in supervising the jewelry market.
If to understand jewelry and jade, you must first understand the type of jewelry and jade and their names.
. The classification of jewelry and jade
Jewelry and jade are divided into natural jewelry jade and artificial gemstone according to their cause type (that is, natural causes or artificial manufacturing).
(1) Natural jewelry jade is scored into natural gems, natural jade, and organic gems according to the cause and composition.
1. Natural gems: such as diamonds, rubies, sapphires, emeralds, etc. 2. Natural jade: such as emerald, nephrite, sauce, etc. 3. Organic gems: such as pearls, corals, amber, etc. Breeding pearls are also like this.
(2) The artificial gemstone is a complete or part of the material for artificially produced or manufactured as jewelry and decorations, including synthetic gems, artificial gems, gemstones and re -created gems.
1. Synthetic gemstones: such as synthetic emerald, synthetic ruby. 2. Artificial gemstones: such as artificial pupae, artificial titanate, etc., so far no such minerals have been found in nature. 3. Specific gemstone: It is a jewelry and jade that is made of manually, and gives people an overall impression, referred to as "combined stone". 4. Create gemstone: The fragments or debris of natural jewelry and jade are fused or pressed into jewelry and jade with the overall appearance through artificial means.
(3) Imitation of gemstones that imitate the color, appearance and special optical effects of natural jewelry and jade. For example, imitation diamonds, emeralds, etc.
. The naming of jewelry and jade
At present, there is a phenomenon of nominal chaos in the market. Some merchants often name jewelry and jade directly with color, place of origin, and special optical effects. For example, red gems are called "ruby"; green gems are called "emerald" and "green crystals"; synthetic cubic oxidation is called "Soviet Diamond" and so on. In the "Jewelry and Jade Name Standard", which was implemented on May 1, 1997, the state strictly strictly stipulated the naming of jewelry and jade, and consumers can effectively supervise the market in accordance with the principle of jewelry and jade.
The name of the jewelry jade is as follows:
. The basic names of the name of the natural gemstone are used for minerals and rock names, such as calcium aluminum g uterns, transparent pirates, etc. Considering the product attributes of jade materials, the word "jade" is added after all the main composition of mineral names or rocks, such as snake pattern stone jade and Yangqi stone jade.
2. Some of the traditional names that are generally accepted by the international jewelry industry can be continued, such as diamonds, emeralds, rubies, sapphires, jadeite, and nephrite.
3. The name of the gem with a special optical effect. In order to highlight the special optical effects of gems (cat eye effects and star light effects, etc.), it is directly placed in the name of the gemstone name, such as starlight ruby, star -light pomegranate stone, quartz cat eye, sea blue gem cat eye, etc. The golden emerald cat's eye can be directly named "Cat's Eye" and enjoys "privileges", and other gems are not allowed to be named.
4. Naming artificial gemstone. At the time of name, the words "synthesis" and "artificial" are crowned before the corresponding gem materials to show the difference from natural jewelry and jade, such as synthetic emeralds and synthetic rubies.
5. Naming the gemstone. The gemstone is not grinded by a complete material. When naming, it should highlight the three words "combined stone". At the same time, the name of the material is written before the combined stone, such as sapphire and synthetic sapphire.
6. Optimized the naming principle of jewelry and jade. The optimized methods include heat treatment, bleaching, soaked oil -free oil, etc.; The treatment method is soaked in color oil, filling processing, dyeing treatment, radiation treatment, laser drilling, surface diffusion, etc. For the optimized jewelry and jade, the original name of the jewelry and jade is used directly when the name is named. The optimization method is not reflected in the name. For the processed jewelry and jade, the word "processing" is marked with parentheses after the basic name of jewelry and jade.