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wholesale pearl jewelry bracelet manufacturer The rise of overseas trade in the middle of the Ming Dynasty, with the huge trade surplus with Japan and Latin America, has made the Ming Dynasty accumulate hundreds of millions of silver reserves, but silver is not the legal currency of the Ming Dynasty. The silver status of the Ming Dynasty was between currency and goods.
Buyin is more used as a payment method for large -scale goods and tax settlement. One of them was made into broken silver and served as a currency substitute for small transactions. However, the silver flowing into the Ming Dynasty did not form a new purchasing power and created new value. The silver wealth of the entire society was concentrated in the hands of a few officials and business, and it was used in land and real estate. The cellar is hidden underground. (In fact, it is no different from today.)
This has caused a series of social problems. Land and real estate have become very expensive. Ordinary people can't afford it at all, and land resources are merged in large quantities.
The inflows of hundreds of millions of silver, which caused expensive silver and cheap. Silver was spontaneously used as a circulating currency by the people.
In international trade, the proportion of gold and silver in the Ming Dynasty is 6: 1, and the European ratio is 20: 1, which means that foreigners use silver to exchange goods, and at the same time in exchange for a lot of gold. The silver obtained by the Ming Dynasty actually depreciated every year, and inflation was becoming increasingly serious.
The kings of the Ming Dynasty are particularly good at money laundering and get a lot of silver flowing into China. For example, the blessing king Zhu Changxuan, who was cooked by the Li Zicheng's upper enlightenment army, colluded with the town generals, monopolized the front line of rice supply, and the price of rice doubled several times the price of rice doubles. , Even privately cast copper coins, not only the King of Blessing, but the other kings also cast a lot of private copper coins. It is necessary to know that the supply of copper coins in the Ming Dynasty has been insufficient. Through the tightening and relaxation of the amount of copper coins, the princes have caused copper and silver to float, and absorb the silver in the hands of ordinary people.
Although the prince knows that silver can be used as currency, it is more used to make exquisite jewelry for collection. In the palace.
It for many years after the reform of civil servants and salt law, the Ming Dynasty officially entered the market. The less silver, the higher the price of copper coins, the more the nobles collect silver, and the number is less. Under the vicious circle, hundreds of millions of silver flowing into the Ming Dynasty are absorbed clean.
During the Jiajing period, the pattern of the royal Baiyin's independence changed quietly. Due to the frequent war with Mongolia, the Tuantian system was abandoned, and the military supply supply of the army needs to spend money on the court, and the annual expenditure expenditure exceeds 5 million.
The silver flowing into the front line is mainly used for military and reward, or the generals are corrupted by the generals. A large number of silver on the front line also attracted the traders to trade in the north. It rose to seven or eight money and one stone during the Wanli period.
The conflict between the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty and the Northeast Women's True tribe was increasing. In the battle of the Salle, the Ming Dynasty defeated, and the court's military expense budget greatly increased to cope with the threat from the Northeast. The Ministry of Households couldn't pay for it. The Emperor Wanli refused to pay for the private room. What should I do? It can only increase agricultural taxes, and up to 3 million silver flows into the Liaodong front line.
Properative military expenses later went straight to the sky. Emperor Tianqi was forced to take out hundreds of thousands of gold. The silver that flowed to the front line of Liaoning rebounded back to the Mainland again. The price of commodity increased year by year.
During the Chongzhen period of the Ming Dynasty, two large -scale farmers uprising broke out from Zhang Zizhong and Li Zi. The population of the war and chaos has decreased significantly, and the corresponding grain output has declined sharply. You must know that Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang seal his sons in various worlds in various worlds. They are all first -tier cities with highly developed commodities economy. Xi'an, Kaifeng, Chengdu, Luoyang, etc. also means that the kings absorb a lot of silver wealth in these cities.
Is when Li Zicheng attacked Kaifeng, Zhou Wang took out 1.2 million silver recruitment and reward soldiers in order to protect his life. At the same time, he represented the huge amount of silver in the palace and began to wake up into the market.
Surbal is cheap, which directly leads to the occurrence of super inflation, and the price of commodity starts to rise significantly. In the 13th year of Chongzhen, the price of rice in Shandong was as high as twenty -four silver per stone! During the Wanli years mentioned earlier, it was only seven or eight dollars.
The price of wheat is twenty -one for each stone, the price of pork is one pound and eight cents, and the copper coins are 180 times, which is 25 times the normal price. The silver in ordinary silver is getting more and more valuable.
The Chongzhen did not see the problem of lack of food, but just felt that the more money was, the more money was. The war continued, and the output of grain declined. In this case, the more the court issued silver, the more prices rose, and the more silver seemed to lack. The speed of paying money can never be rushed to increase the price, Chongzhen is very puzzled. Where does Daming's silver go?
The silver reserves of the national treasury are only more than 18 million, and more than 30 million are used for military expenses for Liaodong and the annihilation of peasant uprising each year. Daming finances face collapse. For more than 40 years, ordinary people have been forced to make no way to participate in the uprising army. The more the peasant uprising of farmers' uprising, the greater the momentum, and the court needed more silver to suppress it, so that they fell into a fiscal cycle of fiscal.
Mainers at the end of the Ming Dynasty were paid by silver, and most of them were south of the Yangtze River. The number of North Games was expected to be about 20 million each year. The huge expenditure.
brazilian gemstone jewelry wholesale The silver of the Ming Dynasty was corrupted by all kinds of heroine ministers. They were unwilling to help the court. The taxes of ordinary people were not enough to maintain the operation of the court.
cubic zirconia jewelry wholesale china Where can the silver of the Daming dynasty go, they all ran into the pockets of the corrupt officials. The specialty of the Daming dynasty was a corrupt official.
jewelry findings online wholesale It is necessary to fight the back gold and the peasant uprising. The two -line operations not only need a large number of people, but also the huge financial resources.